In January 2024, NASA and ISRO launch the 12,300 crore rupee NISAR observatory, mapping the planet in 12 days, unraveling Earth's dynamics from ice masses to natural hazards. Concurrently, ISRO's 124 crore rupee SPADEX twin spacecraft mission advances orbital rendezvous, docking, and formation flying tech, enabling future spaceflight and satellite servicing. 2024 also heralds Mangalyaan 2, deploying hyperspectral, panchromatic cameras, and radar for Martian geological insights.