'4.3 million Suns’ power': James Webb catches our black hole doing something never seen before

Produced by: Mohsin Shaikh

Rare flare

For the first time, a mid-infrared flare from Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the Milky Way’s supermassive black hole, was detected by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

Turbulent region

Sgr A*, a 4.3 million solar mass black hole, creates a chaotic space with a torus of swirling dust, making it a prime candidate for studying small-scale black hole activity.

Magnetic interplay

Simulations suggest Sgr A*’s flares may result from interactions between magnetic field lines in the accretion disk, releasing energy visible as synchrotron radiation.

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Electron behavior

Astrophysicist Joseph Michail explained that mid-infrared observations unlock secrets about cooling electrons, helping confirm theoretical models of flare formation.

Linked flares

The JWST recorded a 40-minute mid-infrared flare, while the Submillimeter Array detected a delayed radio wave flare, supporting synchrotron emission theories.

No X-rays

Despite simultaneous observations, no X- or gamma-rays were detected, likely due to insufficient electron acceleration, emphasizing the need for more data.

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Observational milestone

Led by Sebastiano von Fellenberg from the Max Planck Institute, this marks the first mid-infrared detection of Sgr A*’s flares, filling a critical gap in understanding black hole behavior.

Collaborative effort

Data from JWST, the Submillimeter Array, Chandra X-ray Observatory, and NuSTAR reveal synchrotron radiation from electrons as the likely cause of Sgr A*’s flares.

Future questions

While mid-infrared findings support magnetic reconnection and turbulence theories, researchers highlight the need for further exploration into Sgr A*’s accretion disk.

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