Produced by: Manoj Kumar
A study published in PLOS ONE suggests the Pyramid of Djoser was built using a hydraulic lift system, reshaping our understanding of ancient Egyptian engineering.
Researchers believe pressurized water in shafts within the pyramid floated heavy stones to upper levels, challenging the long-held theory of ramp-based construction.
Nearby canals may have channeled water into the pyramid's shafts, creating the hydraulic force necessary to move massive stone blocks, according to Xavier Landreau’s team.
A previously unexplained structure near the pyramid, Gisr el-Mudir, is theorized to have served as a check dam to regulate water and sediment flow for the hydraulic system.
A series of compartments outside the pyramid likely functioned as a water treatment facility, clearing sediment and ensuring effective water flow into the shafts.
The hydraulic system enabled stones to ascend using “volcano” construction, where pressurized water carried stones through a central internal shaft.
The research highlights the Egyptians' pioneering use of hydraulics for irrigation, transportation, and, possibly, construction—further proving their engineering brilliance.
The team acknowledges further study is needed to understand water flow dynamics and availability in the area during 2680 BCE to validate the hydraulic lift hypothesis.
The study opens a new line of research, exploring hydraulic power in pyramid construction, with potential implications for understanding other ancient structures.