‘Black September’: Why Palestinian terrorists attacked 1972 Munich Olympics and killed 11 hostages?
Produced by: Tarun Mishra Designed by: Manoj Kumar
1972 Munich Olympics Overview
The 1972 Summer Games marked the first return of the Olympics to Germany since the 1936 Berlin Games, which were used by Adolf Hitler to propagate Nazi ideology.
Security Measures
Unlike the heavily militarized 1968 Mexico City Olympics, Munich organizers spent less than $2 million on security, opting for unarmed and inconspicuous personnel.
Attack on Israeli Team
On September 5, 1972, eight Palestinian militants from Black September infiltrated the Olympic Village, targeting the Israeli team at 31 Connollystrasse, resulting in two initial fatalities.
Hostage Situation
The militants took nine Israelis hostage, killing wrestler Gad Tsabari and coach Moshe Weinberg during initial confrontations. They demanded the release of over 200 Palestinians and other prisoners.
Failed Rescue Attempt
A rescue attempt was compromised when the actions of West German police were broadcast live. Negotiations led to the transport of hostages and terrorists to Fürstenfeldbruck Air Base.
Massacre at Fürstenfeldbruck
At the air base, police snipers, inadequately trained and equipped, failed to prevent the terrorists from killing the hostages. A grenade and gunfire resulted in the deaths of all 11 Israeli hostages.
Aftermath and Responses
The massacre led to widespread criticism of the German authorities’ handling of the situation. An inquiry exonerated the police, despite evidence of preventable failures.
Operation Wrath of God
In response, Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir authorized a targeted assassination campaign against Black September operatives, although the campaign faced setbacks and controversial outcomes.
Formation of GSG 9
West Germany established a specialized counterterrorism unit, Grenzschutzgruppe 9 (GSG 9), which became one of the world’s most effective counterterrorism forces following the Munich tragedy.