Produced by: Tarun Mishra Designed by: Manoj Kumar
Researchers have proposed a new theory on how the ancient Egyptians built the Step Pyramid of Djoser, suggesting that a hydraulic lift system was used. This theory challenges the traditional view that ramps and rollers were employed.
A recent pre-print study published on ResearchGate presents evidence that a hydraulic system was involved in constructing the 4,600-year-old pyramid. The study focuses on the Step Pyramid of Djoser, located in Saqqara, Egypt.
The Step Pyramid of Djoser, built during the Third Dynasty under Pharaoh Djoser (circa 2670–2650 BCE), is considered the earliest colossal stone building in Egypt. The study led by Dr. Xavier Landreau and his team examined this pyramid due to its historical significance.
Traditionally, it was believed that ramps and rollers were used to move and position the massive stones of the pyramids. This view has been challenged by recent research indicating the use of a hydraulic system.
The study employed satellite radar imagery and historical archaeology to explore the construction techniques. Researchers analyzed the landscape, waterways, and the pyramid’s architecture to support their theory.
The team discovered the Gisr el-Mudir, a nearly two-kilometre-long rectangular stone enclosure located west of the pyramid complex. This structure, previously interpreted as various types of facilities, is now believed to have functioned as a check dam.
The new theory suggests that the ancient Egyptians used sophisticated water management systems to facilitate construction. This approach would have made it easier to transport and position large stones.
Dr. Landreau explained that satellite imagery reveals the Gisr el-Mudir’s characteristics align with those of a check dam. This system would have controlled floodwaters and assisted in moving heavy objects. The study highlights the Egyptians’ advanced hydraulic engineering skills used for both construction and irrigation.