‘Iron, Magnesium, Aluminium on Mars’: Scientists discover key minerals in Mawrth Vallis region of Red Planet

Produced by: Tarun Mishra Designed by: Manoj Kumar

Mawrth Vallis Mineral Riches

A new image of the Mawrth Vallis region on Mars shows a landscape abundant in iron, magnesium, and aluminium, highlighting the planet’s mineral diversity.

Credit: ESA/TGO/CaSSIS

Mars’ Rusty Surface

Mars appears reddish due to its iron oxide-rich surface, much like rust on Earth. This characteristic gives the planet its nickname, the Red Planet.

Advanced Imaging Capabilities

The European Colour and Stereo Surface Imaging System (CaSSIS) onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) captures a wide range of colours beyond human vision, revealing the planet’s complex surface.

Detailed Layer Composition

The CaSSIS image reveals yellow layers with iron and magnesium-rich clays, overlaid by white and blue layers rich in aluminum. A dark, eroded layer blankets the area.

Geological History

The metallic hues of the landscape indicate a history of mineral diversity dating back approximately 3.6 billion years, located south of Mars’ dichotomy boundary.

Potential for Past Water

Mawrth Vallis’ geological complexity suggests that liquid water once flowed through this area. It was considered a promising landing site for the ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover.

Credit: NASA

Ongoing Research

Since its full science mission began in 2018, TGO has been collecting data to understand Mars’ ancient past and potential habitability, mapping water-rich locations on the planet’s surface.

Long-term Observations

For six years, CaSSIS has documented Mars in vibrant color, capturing various features from volcanic landscapes to active dust devils and colossal sand dunes, advancing our understanding of the planet.