Produced by: Tarun Mishra Designed by: Manoj Kumar
Astronomers have identified 56 unusual galaxies termed “UFO galaxies” due to their red, glowing, disc-like appearance. These galaxies, undetected by earlier telescopes like Hubble, were revealed using JWST’s advanced infrared imaging capabilities.
The UFO galaxies emit minimal visible light, appearing red because most of their radiation lies in the infrared spectrum. This distinctive emission, combined with their shape, distinguishes them from other celestial objects.
These galaxies were previously obscured by dense clouds of dust and debris enveloping their inner star systems. This dust prevented older telescopes from detecting the faint light escaping from these galaxies.
Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder found that UFO galaxies share structural similarities with the Milky Way. However, they are significantly dustier, containing approximately 50 times more dust than our home galaxy.
Using simulations and models, scientists concluded that UFO galaxies take on forms such as flat discs and elongated prolate spheroids. The thick central dust layers drive their unique color gradients, with interiors appearing redder than the edges.
The findings challenge current understandings of galaxy formation. Unlike the smooth consolidation of matter seen in most galaxies, UFOs suggest irregular development with substantial residual dust and debris.
Researchers estimated the star formation rates within UFO galaxies by analyzing light gradients and comparing them with nearby galaxies. The faint red light is attributed to dust masking, not the extreme faintness typical of distant, ancient galaxies.
In addition to UFO galaxies, astronomers recently discovered ultra-massive “Red Monster” galaxies closer to the Big Bang. Both discoveries highlight gaps in current models of galactic evolution and emphasize the need for further exploration of cosmic structures.