National Space Day 2024: How ISRO’s Pragyan rover discovered minerals on Moon during Chandrayaan-3 mission

Produced by: Tarun Mishra Designed by: Manoj Kumar

ISRO Celebrates Chandrayaan-3 Anniversary

India marks the first anniversary of the Chandrayaan-3 mission’s successful landing on the Moon, commemorating the event as National Space Day.

Pragyan Rover’s Surface Exploration

The Pragyan rover, deployed shortly after the Vikram lander’s touchdown, began its exploration of the lunar surface at Shiva Shakti Point within an hour of landing.

Advanced Instruments for Mineral Detection

The rover employed two key instruments for analyzing lunar minerals: the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) and the Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS).

APXS Utilizes Alpha Particle Radiation

The APXS used alpha particle radiation to interact with lunar soil, measuring scattered particles to identify specific minerals based on their spectral signatures.

LIBS Employs Laser Technology

The LIBS instrument directed a laser beam at the lunar surface, causing material to emit fumes. These fumes were analyzed by spectrometers to determine the elemental composition of the Moon’s surface.

Rover’s Mobility Enhances Data Collection  

ISRO Chief S. Somanath highlighted the importance of the rover’s movement, noting that Pragyan traveled approximately 100 meters to sample a broader area of the lunar surface, providing more comprehensive data.

Significance of Findings and Future Prospects

The data collected revealed insights into the Moon’s geological composition and confirmed that its surface was once covered by magma. This information is expected to advance lunar exploration and resource utilization.