'Space race is on': After NASA, Europe plans to send humans to the Moon under Explore 2040 strategy

Produced by: Tarun Mishra Designed by: Manoj Kumar

ESA's 'Explore 2040' Strategy

The European Space Agency (ESA) has introduced a long-term strategy, "Explore 2040," focused on increasing Europe's role in space exploration, targeting human missions to the Moon and Mars.

Credit : ESA

Planning for Lunar and Martian Missions

ESA Director-General Josef Aschbacher outlined the mission's goals at the International Astronautical Congress, noting ESA's plans to accelerate innovation and bolster infrastructure for lunar and Martian exploration.

Key Milestone: Ministerial Council in 2025

The 2025 Ministerial Council meeting will be a pivotal decision-making event, where ESA's 22 member states will set the agenda for Europe’s future in space, based on their commitment and program funding.

Credit : ESA

Expanding Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Operations

ESA is developing a post-ISS pathway that includes a dedicated LEO cargo program and planning for end-to-end cargo return capabilities, potentially laying the groundwork for independent European human spaceflight.

Lunar Exploration with Argonaut Landers

To support lunar operations, ESA is partnering with Airbus on the Argonaut, a cargo lander designed to deliver supplies to the Moon, essential for collaborative and sustainable lunar exploration.

Ambitions for Mars: LightShip Program

ESA is working on the LightShip program, an electric tug designed to transport payloads to Mars, provide navigation and communication, and assist in establishing a stable Martian infrastructure.

Commitments to Mars Sample Return

ESA is supporting Mars exploration by launching the delayed Rosalind Franklin rover and committing to Moonlight, a navigation and communication network around the Moon.

Future Goals and Expanded Infrastructure

Looking beyond, ESA’s 2028 Ministerial Council will review expanded lunar exploration plans, including a potential lunar camp and upgraded infrastructure following the ISS phase-out.