'SpaceX or Blue Origin?': China vs NASA in a billion-dollar battle for Mars samples

Produced by: Mohsin Shaikh

Budget Woes

NASA's Mars Sample Return mission faces rising costs, prompting a pivot to SpaceX, Blue Origin, or others for cost-efficient solutions to bring Martian rocks to Earth.

China’s Race

China’s simpler "grab-and-go" mission, targeting a 2028 launch, could return Mars samples years ahead of NASA, adding urgency to the U.S. effort.

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Lander Options

NASA considers two options for the Mars lander: the proven Sky Crane system or a heavy-lift lander from a commercial partner like SpaceX or Blue Origin.

Nuclear Power

To combat Mars’s dust storms, NASA plans to use a nuclear battery for energy and heat, moving away from vulnerable solar panels.

Credit: NASA

Cost Savings

Revised plans estimate costs of $5.8–$7.7 billion, significantly lower than the original $11 billion projection, with delivery expected between 2035–2039.

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Orbital Return

ESA’s Earth Return Orbiter will intercept samples launched by NASA’s lightweight Mars Ascent Vehicle, ensuring a safe journey back to Earth.

Complex Mission

NASA emphasizes the scientific rigor of its mission, contrasting it with China's more straightforward approach, which lacks comparable scope.

Credit: NASA

Symbolic Stakes

If China succeeds first, it would mark a major symbolic win, but NASA maintains its focus on advancing global scientific knowledge.

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Martian Search

The Perseverance rover, key to this mission, continues to hunt for signs of ancient microbial life on Mars, exploring its warmer, wetter past.