Produced by: Tarun Mishra
Earth's magnetic poles, located near the geographic poles, are indispensable for life and technology on our planet. Generated by movements within the molten iron core, they form a protective shield against harmful solar radiation and cosmic particles.
Beyond protection, the geomagnetic field aids navigation for both humans and migratory animals, such as birds and sea turtles, enabling them to traverse long distances with precision.
Recent observations reveal that Earth's magnetic poles are gradually drifting. Until the 1990s, the North Pole moved at about 15 kilometers per year. However, the rate has accelerated to 55 kilometers per year towards Siberia in subsequent years.
The increased movement could lead to a 'magnetic reversal,' wherein the north and south poles swap locations. This phenomenon has occurred 183 times in the past 83 million years, with varying intervals averaging about 300,000 years.
Research based on satellite observations suggests that the current shift is driven by 'blobs' of intense magnetic fields deep inside the Earth. However, experts are puzzled by the reasons behind the heightened activity.
During reversals, there comes a point when the magnetic shield diminishes to zero before reestablishing with the opposite polarity, exposing Earth to potentially harmful solar radiation.
The absence of Earth's magnetic field would have profound consequences. Without protection, deadly radiation from the Sun could increase the mutation rate of living cells, leading to cancers in animals.
The disappearance of the magnetic field would not only affect the environment but also pose risks to human health and technological systems, highlighting the significance of understanding and monitoring magnetic pole movements.
Scientists continue to study Earth's magnetic field to unravel the mysteries behind its fluctuations and anticipate potential impacts, underscoring the importance of vigilance and preparedness in the face of planetary changes.